Types of Embedded Computers

In the realm of embedded systems, there are three primary types of embedded computers that are commonly used: Microcontrollers (MCUs), Microprocessors (MPUs), and System on Chips (SoCs). Each type has its distinct characteristics and use cases.

Microcontrollers (MCUs)

Microcontrollers represent the concept of an "on-chip" or "single-chip" solution.

"With a microcontroller, you have a single chip, which contains the CPU, and the memory, and the storage all in one chip."

These components make microcontrollers very cost-effective, ranging from a few cents to a few dollars. They are typically employed in everyday appliances such as washing machines and microwave ovens due to their affordability and integrated design.

Microprocessors (MPUs)

Microprocessors, on the other hand, are focused solely on processing power.

"A microprocessor is a chip, which contains only the CPUs and the logic surrounding that."

They require external memory and storage, making them part of a broader system that includes separate chips on a motherboard. This setup is characteristic of PCs, where high performance and power consumption are necessary. Consequently, microprocessors are more expensive and power-hungry.

System on Chips (SoCs)

System on Chips combine elements of both microcontrollers and microprocessors.

"A system on chip contains a microprocessor, and also some on chip peripherals."

These peripherals can include GPUs, video processing units, USB controllers, and I2C controllers, among others. SoCs are particularly prevalent in smartphones, although they require separate RAM and storage. The market for SoCs is largely dominated by ARM architecture.

By understanding the differences between these types of embedded computers, one can better select the appropriate technology for specific applications. For more information on embedded systems, you might want to explore our Defining Embedded Systems page.